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Magnesium vs Iron

Magnesium
Iron
Iron vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg   
Fe   
Group Number
2   
16
8   
10
Period Number
3   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439954   
99+
7439896   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1755   
Before 5000 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %   
2
1.1 * 10-1 %   
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %   
2
~0.1 %   
1
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %   
2
22.00 %   
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %   
4
6.30 %   
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %   
2
0.00 %   
12
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %   
4
0.01 %   
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
3
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
380.00 p.p.m.   
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C   
99+
1,535.00 °C   
25
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C   
99+
2,750.00 °C   
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa   
36
200.00 MPa   
40
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
608.00 MPa   
18
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
5,120.00 m/s   
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
74.00 %   
7
65.00 %   
12
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Ferrite (alpha Iron)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
beta Iron   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
gamma Iron   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg   
Fe   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15   
24
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31   
31
1.83   
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32   
18
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.64   
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37   
16
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.29   
35
1.80   
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69   
23
2.17   
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
762.50 kJ/mol   
17
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol   
36
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
2,957.00 kJ/mol   
29
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
5,290.00 kJ/mol   
16
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
7,240.00 kJ/mol   
16
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
9,560.00 kJ/mol   
14
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
12,060.00 kJ/mol   
15
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
14,580.00 kJ/mol   
14
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
22,540.00 kJ/mol   
5
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
25,290.00 kJ/mol   
8
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
28,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
31,920.00 kJ/mol   
9
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,830.00 kJ/mol   
9
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,840.00 kJ/mol   
11
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,100.00 kJ/mol   
11
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,206.00 kJ/mol   
13
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
122,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
131,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
140,500.00 kJ/mol   
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
152,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
163,000.00 kJ/mol   
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
173,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
188,100.00 kJ/mol   
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
195,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV   
29
4.70 eV   
10
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12   
99+
26   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2   
[Ar] 3d6 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
12   
99+
26   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
126.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm   
37
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu   
99+
55.85 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
67.00 (-eV)   
20
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm   
99+
286.65 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
7.87 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
6.98 g/cm3   
35
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
11,000.00 MPa   
1
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
36.80 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa   
37
82.00 GPa   
11
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa   
25
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa   
39
211.00 GPa   
9
Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74   
99+
7.20   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
6.3 * 10-3 H/m   
1
Susceptibility
Not Available   
2,00,000.00   
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
96.10 nΩ·m   
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
0.10 106/cm Ω   
20
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
15.70 kJ/mol   
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K   
8
80.40 W/m·K   
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
351.00 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
14.90 kJ/mol   
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
414.20 kJ/mol   
19
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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