Symbol
Fe
  
Ca
  
Period Number
4
  
4
  
Block
d block
  
s block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Alkaline Earth
  
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
  
Fm_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown
  
Humphry Davy
  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
  
In 1808
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10
-1 %
  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Chemical Industry
  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
3
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
  
4
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.
  
5
170,000.00 p.p.m.
  
1
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C
  
25
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C
  
37
1,484.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Gray
  
Gray
  
Luster
Metallic
  
NA
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa
  
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s
  
8
3,810.00 m/s
  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
Yes
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
beta Iron
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Fe
  
Ca
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol
  
17
589.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol
  
36
1,145.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol
  
29
4,912.40 kJ/mol
  
7
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol
  
16
6,491.00 kJ/mol
  
7
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol
  
16
8,153.00 kJ/mol
  
7
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol
  
14
10,496.00 kJ/mol
  
8
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol
  
15
12,270.00 kJ/mol
  
12
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol
  
14
14,206.00 kJ/mol
  
15
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol
  
5
18,191.00 kJ/mol
  
12
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol
  
8
20,385.00 kJ/mol
  
16
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol
  
9
57,110.00 kJ/mol
  
3
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol
  
9
63,410.00 kJ/mol
  
3
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol
  
9
70,110.00 kJ/mol
  
3
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol
  
11
78,890.00 kJ/mol
  
4
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol
  
11
86,310.00 kJ/mol
  
5
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol
  
13
94,000.00 kJ/mol
  
6
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol
  
1
104,900.00 kJ/mol
  
7
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol
  
2
111,711.00 kJ/mol
  
8
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol
  
3
Not Available
  
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol
  
5
Not Available
  
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol
  
5
Not Available
  
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr
  
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
  
[Ar] 4s2
  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
  
99+
29.90 cm3/mol
  
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)
  
20
29.00 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm
3
  
99+
1.55 g/cm
3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa
  
1
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Permeability
6.3 * 10
-3 H/m
  
1
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 10
6/cm Ω
  
20
0.30 10
6/cm Ω
  
6
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol
  
34
2.37 kJ/mol
  
39
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
  
13
0.63 J/(kg K)
  
7
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
  
99+
25.93 J/mol·K
  
34
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K
  
22
201.00 W/m·K
  
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)
  
33
22.30 µm/(m·K)
  
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol
  
23
150.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol
  
22
8.54 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol
  
19
184.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K
  
36