Calcium vs Zinc
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ca
Zn
Group Number
2
16
12
6
Period Number
4
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440702
21
7440666
24
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Indian metallurgists
Discovery
In 1808
Before 1000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-3 %
3
3 * 10-5 %
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.007 %
4
~0.0002 %
10
Abundance In Meteorites
1.10 %
4
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.00 %
3
0.01 %
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
5
0.00 %
10
Abundance In Humans
1.40 %
1
0.00 %
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
In Bone
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
170.00 p.p.m.
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
839.00 °C
99+
419.58 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C
99+
907.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.75
17
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa
99+
327.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s
19
3,850.00 m/s
18
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
2
Reflectivity
Not Available
80.00 %
5
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ca
Zn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
19
20
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.00
99+
1.65
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.95
24
2.23
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.04
34
1.66
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.08
17
1.65
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.03
39
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.00
9
2.35
35
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
906.40 kJ/mol
6
2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
4th Energy Level
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
5th Energy Level
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
6th Energy Level
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
8th Energy Level
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
9th Energy Level
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
10th Energy Level
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
11th Energy Level
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
12th Energy Level
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
13th Energy Level
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
14th Energy Level
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15th Energy Level
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
16th Energy Level
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
17th Energy Level
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
18th Energy Level
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.87 eV
38
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
20
99+
30
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
20
99+
30
99+
Number of Neutrons
20
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
20
99+
30
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
197.00 pm
6
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
176.00 pm
22
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
231.00 pm
19
139.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
40.08 amu
99+
65.38 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/mol
7
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV)
99+
38.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
558.84 pm
9
266.49 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm3
99+
7.14 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm3
99+
6.57 g/cm3
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa)
3
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
7.40 GPa
99+
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
17.00 GPa
99+
70.00 GPa
19
Young's Modulus
20.00 GPa
99+
108.00 GPa
19
Poisson Ratio
0.31
13
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.58
99+
6.90
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
59.00 nΩ·m
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
Electron Affinity
2.37 kJ/mol
39
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·K
34
25.47 J/mol·K
39
Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K
5
116.00 W/m·K
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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