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Calcium vs Iron

Calcium
Iron
Iron vs Calcium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ca   
Fe   
Group Number
2   
16
8   
10
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440702   
21
7439896   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1808   
Before 5000 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-3 %   
3
1.1 * 10-1 %   
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.007 %   
4
~0.1 %   
1
Abundance In Meteorites
1.10 %   
4
22.00 %   
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.00 %   
3
6.30 %   
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
5
0.00 %   
12
Abundance In Humans
1.40 %   
1
0.01 %   
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
3
In Bone
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
380.00 p.p.m.   
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
839.00 °C   
99+
1,535.00 °C   
25
Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C   
99+
2,750.00 °C   
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.75   
17
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa   
99+
200.00 MPa   
40
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
608.00 MPa   
18
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s   
19
5,120.00 m/s   
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
65.00 %   
12
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Ferrite (alpha Iron)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
beta Iron   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
gamma Iron   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ca   
Fe   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
19   
20
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.00   
99+
1.83   
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.95   
24
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.04   
34
1.64   
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.08   
17
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.03   
39
1.80   
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.00   
9
2.17   
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
762.50 kJ/mol   
17
2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol   
36
3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
2,957.00 kJ/mol   
29
4th Energy Level
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
5,290.00 kJ/mol   
16
5th Energy Level
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
7,240.00 kJ/mol   
16
6th Energy Level
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
9,560.00 kJ/mol   
14
7th Energy level
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
12,060.00 kJ/mol   
15
8th Energy Level
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
14,580.00 kJ/mol   
14
9th Energy Level
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
22,540.00 kJ/mol   
5
10th Energy Level
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
25,290.00 kJ/mol   
8
11th Energy Level
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
28,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
12th Energy Level
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
31,920.00 kJ/mol   
9
13th Energy Level
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
34,830.00 kJ/mol   
9
14th Energy Level
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
37,840.00 kJ/mol   
11
15th Energy Level
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
44,100.00 kJ/mol   
11
16th Energy Level
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
47,206.00 kJ/mol   
13
17th Energy Level
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
122,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
18th Energy Level
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
131,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
140,500.00 kJ/mol   
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
152,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
163,000.00 kJ/mol   
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
173,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
188,100.00 kJ/mol   
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
195,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.87 eV   
38
4.70 eV   
10
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
20   
99+
26   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s2   
[Ar] 3d6 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
20   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Neutrons
20   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
20   
99+
26   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
197.00 pm   
6
126.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
176.00 pm   
22
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
231.00 pm   
19
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
40.08 amu   
99+
55.85 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Potassium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Scandium
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
67.00 (-eV)   
20
Lattice Constant
558.84 pm   
9
286.65 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
7.87 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
6.98 g/cm3   
35
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
11,000.00 MPa   
1
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa)   
3
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
36.80 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.40 GPa   
99+
82.00 GPa   
11
Bulk Modulus
17.00 GPa   
99+
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
20.00 GPa   
99+
211.00 GPa   
9
Poisson Ratio
0.31   
13
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.58   
99+
7.20   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
6.3 * 10-3 H/m   
1
Susceptibility
Not Available   
2,00,000.00   
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
96.10 nΩ·m   
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
0.10 106/cm Ω   
20
Electron Affinity
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
15.70 kJ/mol   
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K   
5
80.40 W/m·K   
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
351.00 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
14.90 kJ/mol   
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
414.20 kJ/mol   
19
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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