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Iron vs Lead

Iron
Lead
Lead vs Iron


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe  
Pb  
Group Number
8  
10
14  
4
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439896  
99+
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
-  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.11 %  
1
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.10 %  
1
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %  
1
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %  
2
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %  
6
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C  
25
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C  
39
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa  
27
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s  
12
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.60  
4
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
-  
β Allotropes
beta Iron  
-  
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fe  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83  
15
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64  
9
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83  
16
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.80  
15
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17  
99+
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
26  
99+
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
26  
99+
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
30  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
26  
99+
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm  
99+
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu  
99+
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Manganese
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Cobalt
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)  
20
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm  
99+
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.35  
99+
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa  
1
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
19
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)  
5
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa  
11
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa  
9
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.20  
99+
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.01 H/m  
1
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
200,000.00  
1
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K  
22
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
1,811.00 K  
29
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
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