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Copper


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu
Group Number
11 7
Period Number
4 4
Block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440508 37
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00 3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
Sources
Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
-
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 % 12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 % 13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 % 17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3 8
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m. 12
Physical
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C 40
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C 45
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Copper
Luster
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.00 13
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa 47
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa 45
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s 26
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.10 45
Reflectivity
90.00 % 4
Allotropes
No
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29 10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90 12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98 11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75 4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49 27
Allen Electronegativity
1.85 12
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10 43
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol 22
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol 15
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol 15
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol 21
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol 17
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol 16
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol 7
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol 9
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol 9
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol 11
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol 13
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol 27
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol 6
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol 7
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol 77
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol 59
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol 12
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol 10
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol 11
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol 2
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol 2
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol 1
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol 1
24th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol 19
25th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol 19
26th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol 19
27th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol 18
28th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol 24
29th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol 25
30th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol 19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr 57
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV 16
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic
Atomic Number
29 78
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
29 77
Number of Neutrons
35 59
Number of Electrons
29 77
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm 48
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm 50
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm 51
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu 72
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol 79
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
22
Next Element
21
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV) 51
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm 39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.28 58
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3 48
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3 54
Tensile Strength
210.00 MPa 19
Viscosity
0.00 25
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa) 8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa) 30
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa 15
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa 12
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa 19
Poisson Ratio
0.34 10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.89 49
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 19
Susceptibility
0.00 31
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m 51
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω 2
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol 1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K) 15
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K 60
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K 2
Critical Temperature
1,358.00 K 43
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K) 27
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol 53
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol 53
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol 39
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K 62
Summary >>
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