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Erbium vs Copernicium

Erbium
Copernicium
Copernicium vs Erbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Er  
Cn  
Group Number
3  
15
12  
6
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440520  
35
54084263  
7
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
187.00  
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
Copernicium was first synthesized in 1996 by a German research team.  
Sources
Mining  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In 1842  
In 1996  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
32
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
36
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
  • Currently known uses of Copernicium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C  
28
-  
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Lustrous  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa  
12
240.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa  
30
3,570.00 MPa  
2
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s  
99+
3,570.00 m/s  
30
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.76  
24
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
36.00 %  
33
45.00 %  
32
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Er  
Cn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
1  
34
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24  
37
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.24  
29
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.90  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.24  
36
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.24  
99+
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76  
18
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,154.90 kJ/mol  
2
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,170.00 kJ/mol  
9
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,245.40 kJ/mol  
9
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,499.70 kJ/mol  
23
5th Energy Level
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
4,240.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,850.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
26
13th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
16
18th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.60 kJ/mol  
14
20th Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
19
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
28
22nd Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
357.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
2
29th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
3
30th Energy Level
589.70 kJ/mol  
99+
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr  
32
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
5.93 eV  
2
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
68  
99+
112  
6
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
68  
99+
112  
6
Number of Neutrons
99  
34
285  
1
Number of Electrons
68  
99+
112  
6
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
20
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm  
19
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu  
99+
285.00 amu  
5
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol  
37
17.80 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Holmium
  
Roentgenium
  
Next Element
Thulium
  
Nihonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)  
30
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
1.58  
36
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3  
99+
23.70 g/cm3  
7
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3  
99+
23.70 g/cm3  
8
Tensile Strength
350.00 MPa  
12
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa  
31
31.00 GPa  
25
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa  
31
35.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa  
31
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24  
28
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.07  
99+
23.70  
9
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m  
99+
4.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)  
35
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K  
14
13.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K  
99+
13.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,802.00 K  
30
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.80 µm/(m·K)  
31
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol  
99+
357.20 kJ/mol  
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol  
15
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K  
11
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
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