Europium Holmium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu
Ho
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440531
34
7440600
29
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Marc Delafontaine
Discovery
In 1896
In 1878
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
5 * 10-8 %
27
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %
27
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
38
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
- It is used in low energy light bulbs.
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
- Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C
99+
1,461.00 °C
30
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C
99+
2,600.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
746.00 MPa
13
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa
34
481.00 MPa
23
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,760.00 m/s
30
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu
Ho
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20
39
1.23
37
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01
22
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
1.10
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.77
17
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol
99+
581.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,140.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,204.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
4,100.00 kJ/mol
34
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr
33
2.02 g/amp-hr
29
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV
99+
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63
99+
67
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
63
99+
67
99+
Number of Neutrons
89
38
98
34
Number of Electrons
63
99+
67
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm
13
192.00 pm
17
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm
18
216.00 pm
24
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu
99+
164.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol
8
18.70 cm3/mol
24
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)
35
47.90 (-eV)
31
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm
17
357.73 pm
38
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3
99+
8.79 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3
99+
8.34 g/cm3
26
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)
4
0.00 (Pa)
16
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa
99+
26.30 GPa
28
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa
99+
40.20 GPa
32
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa
99+
64.80 GPa
31
Poisson Ratio
0.15
34
0.23
29
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.24
99+
8.80
35
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m
99+
814.00 nΩ·m
4
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K
16
27.15 J/mol·K
19
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K
99+
16.20 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)
8
11.20 µm/(m·K)
35
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol
99+
241.00 kJ/mol
38
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol
37
11.76 kJ/mol
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
301.00 kJ/mol
36
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K
4
75.30 J/mol.K
8
|
||
|
||
|
