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Europium vs Livermorium

Europium
Livermorium
Livermorium vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu  
Lv  
Group Number
3  
15
16  
2
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Probably Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440531  
34
54100719  
3
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
Europium is used in Euro banknotes for security features.  
Livermorium was first synthesized in 2000 by a joint Russian-American research team.  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1896  
In 2000  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
27
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.50 p.p.m.  
22
Physical
Melting Point
822.00 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C  
99+
3,500.00 °C  
18
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Lustrous  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
-  
Brinell Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,320.00 m/s  
4
4,600.00 m/s  
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.83  
19
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
66.00 %  
17
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Eu  
Lv  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
5  
32
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01  
99+
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.90  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
723.60 kJ/mol  
28
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,331.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,846.30 kJ/mol  
35
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,811.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,078.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
38
8th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
34
9th Energy Level
5,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
31
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
30
14th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,168.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,900.00 kJ/mol  
26
16th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
23
18th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
32
19th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,169.70 kJ/mol  
13
20th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
21st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
370.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
548.90 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
27
26th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
27th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
28th Energy Level
580.70 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
31
29th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
32
30th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr  
37
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV  
99+
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
63  
99+
116  
2
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Livermorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63  
99+
116  
2
Number of Neutrons
89  
39
160  
5
Number of Electrons
63  
99+
116  
2
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
183.00 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
183.00 pm  
22
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm  
22
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu  
99+
293.00 amu  
2
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol  
11
22.90 cm3/mol  
16
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Moscovium
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
No Next Element  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)  
36
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm  
19
362.15 pm  
36
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3  
99+
12.90 g/cm3  
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3  
99+
12.90 g/cm3  
30
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa  
99+
28.50 GPa  
30
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa  
99+
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa  
99+
12.50 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.15  
35
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24  
99+
12.00  
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
15
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m  
99+
0.50 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K  
19
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,099.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)  
8
9.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol  
99+
722.00 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
380.50 kJ/mol  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K  
4
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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