Europium vs Protactinium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu
Pa
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
7
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Actinide
CAS Number
7440531
34
7440133
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
I4/mmm
Space Group Number
229.00
1
139.00
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
- Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
William Crookes
Discovery
In 1896
In 1900
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %
27
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
- It is used in low energy light bulbs.
- Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C
99+
1,568.00 °C
21
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C
99+
4,027.00 °C
12
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa
34
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu
Pa
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
27
12
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20
39
1.50
27
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01
22
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
1.14
28
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.50
27
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol
99+
568.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,814.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
2,991.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr
33
1.72 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV
99+
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63
99+
91
27
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
63
99+
91
27
Number of Neutrons
89
38
122
21
Number of Electrons
63
99+
91
27
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
163.00 pm
25
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm
13
200.00 pm
11
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm
18
243.00 pm
11
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu
99+
231.04 amu
24
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol
8
15.00 cm3/mol
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)
35
92.00 (-eV)
11
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm
17
392.50 pm
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3
99+
15.37 g/cm3
20
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)
4
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa
99+
Not Available
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.15
34
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Unknown
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.24
99+
15.37
12
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m
99+
177.00 nΩ·m
21
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω
34
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K
16
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K
99+
47.00 W/m·K
32
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)
8
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol
37
12.34 kJ/mol
28
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K
4
198.10 J/mol.K
1
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