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Europium vs Protactinium

Europium
Protactinium
Protactinium vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu   
Pa   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440531   
34
7440133   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
I4/mmm   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
139.00   
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay   
William Crookes   
Discovery
In 1896   
In 1900   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %   
27
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C   
99+
1,568.00 °C   
21
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C   
99+
4,027.00 °C   
12
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa   
34
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu   
Pa   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
1.50   
27
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01   
22
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.14   
28
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.50   
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol   
99+
568.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,814.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
2,991.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr   
33
1.72 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV   
99+
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63   
99+
91   
27
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2   
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63   
99+
91   
27
Number of Neutrons
89   
38
122   
21
Number of Electrons
63   
99+
91   
27
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
163.00 pm   
25
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
200.00 pm   
11
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm   
18
243.00 pm   
11
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu   
99+
231.04 amu   
24
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol   
8
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Thorium
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Uranium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)   
35
92.00 (-eV)   
11
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm   
17
392.50 pm   
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3   
99+
15.37 g/cm3   
20
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)   
4
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.15   
34
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Unknown   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24   
99+
15.37   
12
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m   
99+
177.00 nΩ·m   
21
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
34
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K   
16
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K   
99+
47.00 W/m·K   
32
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)   
8
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol   
37
12.34 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K   
4
198.10 J/mol.K   
1
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