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Europium vs Thulium


Thulium vs Europium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Eu   
Tm   

Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
f block   
f block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440531   
34
7440304   
99+

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay   
Per Teodor Cleve   

Discovery
In 1896   
In 1879   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
1 * 10-8 %   
30

Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %   
27
~0.00000002 %   
28

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  

Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Unknown   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
822.00 °C   
99+
1,545.00 °C   
23

Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C   
99+
1,730.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   

Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
471.00 MPa   
25

Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa   
34
520.00 MPa   
21

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Eu   
Tm   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
31   
8
32   
7

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
1.25   
35

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01   
22
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.11   
29

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.75   
19

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol   
99+
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr   
33
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26

Electron Work Function
2.50 eV   
99+
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
63   
99+
69   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2   
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
63   
99+
69   
99+

Number of Neutrons
89   
38
100   
32

Number of Electrons
63   
99+
69   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
176.00 pm   
18

Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
160.00 pm   
30

Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm   
18
Not Available   

Atomic Weight
151.96 amu   
99+
168.93 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol   
8
18.10 cm3/mol   
28

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Samarium
  
Erbium
  

Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Ytterbium
  

Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)   
35
49.70 (-eV)   
28

Lattice Constant
458.10 pm   
17
353.75 pm   
40

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
17

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3   
99+
9.32 g/cm3   
40

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3   
99+
8.56 g/cm3   
24

Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)   
4
0.06 (Pa)   
10

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa   
99+
30.50 GPa   
22

Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa   
99+
44.50 GPa   
26

Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa   
99+
74.00 GPa   
27

Poisson Ratio
0.15   
34
0.21   
31

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
5.24   
99+
9.32   
31

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m   
99+
676.00 nΩ·m   
5

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35

Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K   
16
27.03 J/mol·K   
22

Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K   
99+
16.90 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)   
8
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol   
99+
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol   
37
16.80 kJ/mol   
17

Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K   
4
74.00 J/mol.K   
9

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