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Francium vs Bismuth

Francium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Francium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fr  
Bi  
Group Number
1  
17
15  
3
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
s block  
p block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440735  
18
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
-  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Formed by Decay Process, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marguerite Perey  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1939  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
27.00 °C  
99+
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
677.00 °C  
99+
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.20  
27
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
119.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,440.00 m/s  
99+
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.70  
27
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fr  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.70  
99+
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.70  
99+
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86  
99+
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.68  
99+
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
0.67  
99+
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.30  
1
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
38,000.00 kJ/mol  
23
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
32
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
39,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
677.00 kJ/mol  
31
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr  
1
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.07 eV  
33
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
87  
31
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
87  
31
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
136  
18
126  
19
Number of Electrons
87  
31
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
348.00 pm  
1
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
260.00 pm  
1
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm  
1
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
223.00 amu  
27
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
71.00 cm3/mol  
2
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Polonium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Radium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)  
99+
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
440.00 pm  
21
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
3.60 GPa  
99+
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
6.00 GPa  
99+
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.87  
99+
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m  
99+
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.70 kJ/mol  
99+
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)  
37
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K  
99+
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
300.00 K  
99+
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
67.00 kJ/mol  
99+
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.30 kJ/mol  
99+
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol  
99+
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.00 J/mol.K  
99+
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
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