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Francium vs Cobalt

Francium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Francium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fr  
Co  
Group Number
1  
17
9  
9
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440735  
18
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Formed by Decay Process, Mining  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marguerite Perey  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1939  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
27.00 °C  
99+
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
677.00 °C  
99+
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.20  
27
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
119.00 MPa  
99+
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
2,440.00 m/s  
99+
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.70  
27
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fr  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.70  
99+
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.70  
99+
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86  
99+
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.68  
99+
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
0.67  
99+
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.30  
1
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
38,000.00 kJ/mol  
23
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
32
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
39,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
677.00 kJ/mol  
31
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr  
1
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.07 eV  
33
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
87  
31
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s1  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
87  
31
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
136  
18
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
87  
31
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
348.00 pm  
1
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
260.00 pm  
1
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm  
1
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
223.00 amu  
27
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
71.00 cm3/mol  
2
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Polonium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Radium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)  
99+
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
440.00 pm  
21
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
3.60 GPa  
99+
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
6.00 GPa  
99+
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.87  
99+
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.70 kJ/mol  
99+
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)  
37
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
300.00 K  
99+
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
67.00 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.30 kJ/mol  
99+
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
42.00 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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