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Francium vs Lead

Francium
Lead
Lead vs Francium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fr   
Pb   
Group Number
1   
17
14   
4
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440735   
18
7439921   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Formed by Decay Process, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marguerite Perey   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1939   
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
27.00 °C   
99+
327.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
677.00 °C   
99+
1,740.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
NA   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
38.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fr   
Pb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.70   
99+
1.87   
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.29   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86   
99+
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.68   
25
2.41   
2
Allen Electronegativity
0.67   
99+
1.85   
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.30   
1
1.67   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr   
1
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
87   
31
82   
34
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
87   
31
82   
34
Number of Neutrons
136   
17
125   
19
Number of Electrons
87   
31
82   
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
175.00 pm   
19
Covalent Radius
260.00 pm   
1
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm   
1
202.00 pm   
27
Atomic Weight
223.00 amu   
27
207.20 amu   
30
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Polonium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Radium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)   
99+
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
495.08 pm   
16
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm3   
99+
11.34 g/cm3   
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
12.00 MPa   
20
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
5.60 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
46.00 GPa   
24
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
16.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.44   
3
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
11.35   
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m   
99+
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K   
99+
35.30 W/m·K   
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol   
99+
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
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