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Francium vs Lead

Francium
Lead
Lead vs Francium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fr  
Pb  
Group Number
1  
17
14  
4
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
s block  
p block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440735  
18
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Formed by Decay Process, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marguerite Perey  
-  
Discovery
In 1939  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
27.00 °C  
99+
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
677.00 °C  
99+
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.20  
27
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
119.00 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,440.00 m/s  
99+
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.70  
27
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fr  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.70  
99+
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.70  
99+
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86  
99+
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.68  
99+
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
0.67  
99+
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.30  
1
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
38,000.00 kJ/mol  
23
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
32
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
39,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
677.00 kJ/mol  
31
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr  
1
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
4.07 eV  
33
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
87  
31
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
87  
31
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
136  
18
125  
20
Number of Electrons
87  
31
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
348.00 pm  
1
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
260.00 pm  
1
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm  
1
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
223.00 amu  
27
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
71.00 cm3/mol  
2
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Polonium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Radium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)  
99+
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
440.00 pm  
21
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
3.60 GPa  
99+
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
6.00 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.87  
99+
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m  
99+
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.70 kJ/mol  
99+
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)  
37
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K  
99+
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
300.00 K  
99+
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
67.00 kJ/mol  
99+
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol  
99+
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.00 J/mol.K  
99+
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
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