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Francium vs Palladium

Francium
Palladium
Palladium vs Francium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fr  
Pd  
Group Number
1  
17
10  
8
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440735  
18
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
Not Available  
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Formed by Decay Process, Mining  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marguerite Perey  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1939  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
2 * 10-7 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0000003 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
0.00 %  
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
NA  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
Not Available  
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
27.00 °C  
99+
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
677.00 °C  
99+
2,963.00 °C  
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
NA  
Silver  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
320.00 MPa  
33
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
121.00 MPa  
36
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
3,070.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available  
1.72  
1
Reflectivity
Not Available  
84.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fr  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.70  
99+
2.20  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86  
99+
1.35  
21
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.68  
25
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
0.67  
99+
1.59  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.30  
1
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available  
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
Not Available  
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr  
1
1.99 g/amp-hr  
30
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
5.12 eV  
3
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
87  
31
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s1  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
87  
31
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
136  
17
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
87  
31
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available  
137.00 pm  
40
Covalent Radius
260.00 pm  
1
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm  
1
163.00 pm  
40
Atomic Weight
223.00 amu  
27
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available  
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Polonium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Radium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)  
99+
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available  
389.07 pm  
25
Lattice Angles
NA  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
12.02 g/cm3  
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available  
10.38 g/cm3  
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
121.00 GPa  
16
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available  
12.02  
21
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m  
99+
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
40
0.10 106/cm Ω  
22
Electron Affinity
Not Available  
54.23 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available  
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available  
25.98 J/mol·K  
33
Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K  
99+
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
Not Available  
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available  
376.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available  
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol  
99+
393.30 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available  
37.60 J/mol.K  
40
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