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Gadolinium Silver Comparison

Gadolinium
Silver
Silver Gadolinium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Gd  
Ag  
Group Number
0  
18
11  
7
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440542  
33
7440224  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac  
-  
Discovery
In 1880  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
Physical
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C  
35
961.93 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C  
26
2,212.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.50  
10
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
251.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa  
34
229.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.97  
16
0.16  
99+
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
97.00 %  
1
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Gd  
Ag  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
1.93  
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.20  
32
1.83  
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
1.47  
28
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
1.87  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80  
15
2.07  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
5th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
7th Energy level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
8th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
9th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
10th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
11th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
12th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
14th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
36
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
16th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol  
37
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
17th Energy Level
594.10 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
18th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
19th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
20th Energy Level
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
21st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
23rd Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
25th Energy Level
593.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
26th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
27th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
28th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
29th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
30th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr  
36
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV  
99+
4.26 eV  
27
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
64  
99+
47  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
64  
99+
47  
99+
Number of Neutrons
93  
38
61  
99+
Number of Electrons
64  
99+
47  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
144.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm  
14
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm  
19
172.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
107.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Europium
  
Palladium
  
Next Element
Terbium
  
Cadmium
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)  
35
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
363.60 pm  
35
408.53 pm  
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
29
1.59  
26
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3  
99+
10.49 g/cm3  
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3  
99+
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
158.00 MPa  
23
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
32
0.00 (Pa)  
14
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)  
9
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa  
99+
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa  
38
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
23
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.90  
99+
10.50  
39
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
4
0.00  
32
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m  
99+
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K  
3
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K  
99+
429.00 W/m·K  
1
Critical Temperature
1,585.00 K  
38
1,235.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol  
30
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol  
99+
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol  
36
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K  
16
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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