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Gallium vs Iron

Gallium
Iron
Iron vs Gallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga   
Fe   
Group Number
13   
5
8   
10
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440553   
32
7439896   
99+
Space Group Name
Cmca   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
64.00   
9
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1875   
Before 5000 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
1.1 * 10-1 %   
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.1 %   
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
16
22.00 %   
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
24
6.30 %   
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
12
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.01 %   
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
3
In Bone
Not Available   
380.00 p.p.m.   
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C   
99+
1,535.00 °C   
25
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C   
99+
2,750.00 °C   
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa   
99+
200.00 MPa   
40
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
608.00 MPa   
18
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s   
31
5,120.00 m/s   
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
65.00 %   
12
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Ferrite (alpha Iron)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
beta Iron   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
gamma Iron   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga   
Fe   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24   
15
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81   
15
1.83   
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42   
2
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82   
1
1.64   
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01   
5
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.76   
14
1.80   
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19   
39
2.17   
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
762.50 kJ/mol   
17
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
1,561.90 kJ/mol   
36
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
2,957.00 kJ/mol   
29
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
5,290.00 kJ/mol   
16
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,240.00 kJ/mol   
16
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,560.00 kJ/mol   
14
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,060.00 kJ/mol   
15
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,580.00 kJ/mol   
14
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,540.00 kJ/mol   
5
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,290.00 kJ/mol   
8
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,920.00 kJ/mol   
9
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,830.00 kJ/mol   
9
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,840.00 kJ/mol   
11
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,100.00 kJ/mol   
11
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,206.00 kJ/mol   
13
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
122,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
131,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
140,500.00 kJ/mol   
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
152,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
163,000.00 kJ/mol   
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
173,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
188,100.00 kJ/mol   
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
195,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV   
23
4.70 eV   
10
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31   
99+
26   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
[Ar] 3d6 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
31   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Neutrons
39   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
31   
99+
26   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm   
99+
126.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm   
32
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu   
99+
55.85 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zinc
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Rubidium
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)   
19
67.00 (-eV)   
20
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm   
18
286.65 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
7.87 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
6.98 g/cm3   
35
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
11,000.00 MPa   
1
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
15
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
36.80 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
82.00 GPa   
11
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa   
99+
211.00 GPa   
9
Poisson Ratio
0.47   
1
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.91   
99+
7.20   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
6.3 * 10-3 H/m   
1
Susceptibility
Not Available   
2,00,000.00   
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
96.10 nΩ·m   
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
0.10 106/cm Ω   
20
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
15.70 kJ/mol   
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K   
34
80.40 W/m·K   
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
351.00 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
14.90 kJ/mol   
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
414.20 kJ/mol   
19
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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