Gallium vs Rhenium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga
Re
Group Number
13
5
7
11
Period Number
4
6
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440553
32
7440155
99+
Space Group Name
Cmca
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
64.00
9
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Masataka Ogawa
Discovery
In 1875
In 1908
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
2 * 10-8 %
29
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.00000001 %
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C
99+
3,180.00 °C
2
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
99+
5,627.00 °C
2
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
7.00
3
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa
99+
1,320.00 MPa
8
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,350.00 MPa
7
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
31
4,700.00 m/s
15
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga
Re
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81
15
1.90
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42
2
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82
1
1.46
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01
5
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.76
14
1.60
21
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19
39
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
760.00 kJ/mol
20
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
1,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
2,510.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
3,640.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
0.99 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV
23
4.96 eV
7
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31
99+
75
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
31
99+
75
40
Number of Neutrons
39
99+
111
26
Number of Electrons
31
99+
75
40
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm
99+
137.00 pm
40
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
151.00 pm
34
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm
32
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu
99+
186.21 amu
36
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
8.85 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
19
180.00 (-eV)
3
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm
18
276.10 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.62
3
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
99+
21.02 g/cm3
12
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
99+
18.90 g/cm3
4
Tensile Strength
Not Available
1,070.00 MPa
3
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
15
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
29
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
178.00 GPa
3
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
370.00 GPa
2
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa
99+
463.00 GPa
2
Poisson Ratio
0.47
1
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.91
99+
21.02
5
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
15
193.00 nΩ·m
20
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
0.05 106/cm Ω
33
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
14.50 kJ/mol
35
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
25.48 J/mol·K
38
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
34
48.00 W/m·K
31
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
6.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
36
707.10 kJ/mol
3
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
33.05 kJ/mol
2
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
39
791.00 kJ/mol
2
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
38
36.90 J/mol.K
99+
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