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Rhenium vs Thallium


Thallium vs Rhenium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Re   
Tl   

Group Number
7   
11
13   
5

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
d block   
p block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   

CAS Number
7440155   
99+
7440280   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa   
William Crookes   

Discovery
In 1908   
In 1861   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %   
29
5 * 10-9 %   
32

Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.0000001 %   
26

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
34

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
34

In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
33

Physical Properties

Melting Point
3,180.00 °C   
2
303.50 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C   
2
1,457.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
1.20   
20

Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa   
8
26.50 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa   
7
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s   
15
818.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Re   
Tl   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
33   
6
32   
7

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
1.62   
21

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.25   
5

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46   
15
1.44   
17

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.96   
6

Allen Electronegativity
1.60   
21
1.79   
13

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
2.38   
33

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol   
20
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14

3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32

4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr   
99+
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2

Electron Work Function
4.96 eV   
7
3.84 eV   
28

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
75   
99+
81   
35

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
75   
40
81   
35

Number of Neutrons
111   
26
123   
20

Number of Electrons
75   
40
81   
35

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
137.00 pm   
40
170.00 pm   
22

Covalent Radius
151.00 pm   
34
145.00 pm   
39

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
196.00 pm   
30

Atomic Weight
186.21 amu   
36
204.38 amu   
31

Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol   
99+
17.20 cm3/mol   
31

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Tungsten
  
Mercury
  

Next Element
Osmium
  
Lead
  

Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)   
3
9.60 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
276.10 pm   
99+
345.66 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
3
1.60   
6

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3   
12
11.85 g/cm3   
31

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3   
4
11.22 g/cm3   
13

Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa   
3
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
16.90 (Pa)   
5

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
29
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa   
3
2.80 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa   
2
43.00 GPa   
28

Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa   
2
8.00 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
0.45   
2

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Sectile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
21.02   
5
11.85   
22

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m   
20
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
33
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32

Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol   
35
19.20 kJ/mol   
32

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39

Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K   
38
26.32 J/mol·K   
29

Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K   
31
46.10 W/m·K   
33

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol   
3
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol   
2
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol   
2
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K   
99+
64.20 J/mol.K   
19

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