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Rhenium Thallium Comparison

Rhenium
Thallium
Thallium Rhenium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Re   
Tl   
Group Number
7   
11
13   
5
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440155   
99+
7440280   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa   
William Crookes   
Discovery
In 1908   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %   
29
5 * 10-9 %   
32
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
34
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C   
2
303.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C   
2
1,457.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa   
8
26.50 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa   
7
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s   
15
818.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Re   
Tl   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
1.62   
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.25   
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46   
15
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.96   
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.60   
21
1.79   
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
2.38   
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol   
20
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr   
99+
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV   
7
3.84 eV   
28
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
75   
99+
81   
35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
75   
40
81   
35
Number of Neutrons
111   
26
123   
20
Number of Electrons
75   
40
81   
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm   
40
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm   
34
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
196.00 pm   
30
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu   
36
204.38 amu   
31
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol   
99+
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tungsten
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Osmium
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)   
3
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm   
99+
345.66 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
3
1.60   
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3   
12
11.85 g/cm3   
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3   
4
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa   
3
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
29
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa   
3
2.80 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa   
2
43.00 GPa   
28
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa   
2
8.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
0.45   
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.02   
5
11.85   
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m   
20
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
33
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol   
35
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K   
38
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K   
31
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol   
3
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol   
2
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol   
2
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K   
99+
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
Summary >>
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