Gallium vs Technetium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga
Tc
Group Number
13
5
7
11
Period Number
4
5
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440553
32
7440268
99+
Space Group Name
Cmca
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
64.00
9
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
- Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
- At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero
Discovery
In 1875
In 1937
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
24
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C
99+
2,200.00 °C
9
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
99+
4,877.00 °C
7
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Shiny Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
31
16,200.00 m/s
1
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga
Tc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
18
21
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81
15
1.90
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42
2
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82
1
1.36
20
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01
5
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.76
14
1.51
28
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19
39
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
702.00 kJ/mol
36
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
1,470.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
2,850.00 kJ/mol
33
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
0.52 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV
23
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31
99+
43
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Kr] 4d5 5s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
31
99+
43
99+
Number of Neutrons
39
99+
55
99+
Number of Electrons
31
99+
43
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm
99+
136.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
147.00 pm
37
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm
32
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu
99+
98.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
8.50 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
19
180.00 (-eV)
3
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm
18
273.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.60
5
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
99+
11.00 g/cm3
34
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
15
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.47
1
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.91
99+
11.50
24
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
15
200.00 nΩ·m
18
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
0.07 106/cm Ω
30
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
53.00 kJ/mol
18
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
0.21 J/(kg K)
29
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
24.27 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
34
50.60 W/m·K
30
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
7.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
36
660.00 kJ/mol
6
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
23.01 kJ/mol
9
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
39
649.00 kJ/mol
8
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
38
181.10 J/mol.K
2
|
||
|
||
|
