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Technetium vs Thallium

Technetium
Thallium
Thallium vs Technetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc  
Tl  
Group Number
7  
11
13  
5
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440268  
99+
7440280  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons  
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero  
William Crookes  
Discovery
In 1937  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
Physical
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C  
9
303.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C  
7
1,457.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Shiny Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
1.20  
21
Brinell Hardness
550.00 MPa  
27
26.50 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
120.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s  
1
818.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
8.00 %  
37
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tc  
Tl  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.62  
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
2.25  
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36  
21
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.96  
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.51  
31
1.79  
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.38  
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol  
34
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
4th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
5th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
15th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
29
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
24
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
17th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
28
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr  
99+
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
3.84 eV  
39
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
43  
99+
81  
35
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
43  
99+
81  
35
Number of Neutrons
55  
99+
123  
21
Number of Electrons
43  
99+
81  
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm  
39
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
196.00 pm  
37
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu  
99+
204.38 amu  
31
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol  
99+
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Molybdenum
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Ruthenium
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm  
99+
345.66 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
21
1.60  
23
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3  
36
11.85 g/cm3  
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.00 g/cm3  
34
11.22 g/cm3  
33
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
47.00 MPa  
39
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
16.90 (Pa)  
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
2.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
8.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.45  
2
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Sectile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.50  
37
11.85  
35
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
28
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m  
18
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
35
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol  
23
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)  
30
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K  
30
46.10 W/m·K  
33
Critical Temperature
2,150.00 K  
16
577.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol  
7
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol  
9
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol  
9
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K  
2
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
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