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Technetium vs Thallium

Technetium
Thallium
Thallium vs Technetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc   
Tl   
Group Number
7   
11
13   
5
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440268   
99+
7440280   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons   
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero   
William Crookes   
Discovery
In 1937   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
5 * 10-9 %   
32
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
34
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C   
9
303.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C   
7
1,457.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Shiny Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
26.50 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s   
1
818.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tc   
Tl   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18   
21
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
1.62   
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.25   
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36   
20
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.96   
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.51   
28
1.79   
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
2.38   
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol   
36
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol   
33
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr   
99+
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.84 eV   
28
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
43   
99+
81   
35
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
43   
99+
81   
35
Number of Neutrons
55   
99+
123   
20
Number of Electrons
43   
99+
81   
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm   
37
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
196.00 pm   
30
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu   
99+
204.38 amu   
31
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol   
99+
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Molybdenum
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Ruthenium
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)   
3
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm   
99+
345.66 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60   
5
1.60   
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3   
34
11.85 g/cm3   
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
2.80 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
43.00 GPa   
28
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
8.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.45   
2
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.50   
24
11.85   
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m   
18
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
30
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol   
18
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)   
29
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K   
30
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol   
6
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol   
9
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol   
8
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K   
2
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
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