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Gallium vs Titanium


Titanium vs Gallium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ga   
Ti   

Group Number
13   
5
4   
14

Period Number
4   
4   

Block
p block   
d block   

Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440553   
32
7440326   
99+

Space Group Name
Cmca   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
64.00   
9
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius   

Discovery
In 1875   
In 1791   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
3 * 10-4 %   
9

Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.0004 %   
9

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
16
0.05 %   
11

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
24
0.66 %   
7

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
15

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  

Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
16

Physical Properties

Melting Point
29.78 °C   
99+
1,660.00 °C   
18

Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C   
99+
3,287.00 °C   
22

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray-White   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
6.00   
6

Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa   
99+
716.00 MPa   
15

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
830.00 MPa   
14

Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s   
31
5,090.00 m/s   
9

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ga   
Ti   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
24   
15
23   
16

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.81   
15
1.54   
26

Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42   
2
1.09   
20

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82   
1
1.32   
23

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01   
5
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.76   
14
1.38   
32

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.19   
39
2.46   
28

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
658.80 kJ/mol   
39

2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
2,652.50 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
4,174.60 kJ/mol   
32

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,581.00 kJ/mol   
5

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
11,533.00 kJ/mol   
6

7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,590.00 kJ/mol   
6

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,440.00 kJ/mol   
8

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,530.00 kJ/mol   
11

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,833.00 kJ/mol   
15

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,575.00 kJ/mol   
14

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,125.00 kJ/mol   
14

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
76,015.00 kJ/mol   
1

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
83,280.00 kJ/mol   
2

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
90,880.00 kJ/mol   
3

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
100,700.00 kJ/mol   
4

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
109,100.00 kJ/mol   
5

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,800.00 kJ/mol   
6

19th Energy Level
Not Available   
129,900.00 kJ/mol   
7

20th Energy Level
Not Available   
137,530.00 kJ/mol   
9

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.20 eV   
23
4.33 eV   
17

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
31   
99+
22   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   

Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
31   
99+
22   
99+

Number of Neutrons
39   
99+
26   
99+

Number of Electrons
31   
99+
22   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
135.00 pm   
99+
147.00 pm   
34

Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
30

Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm   
32
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
69.72 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Zinc
  
Scandium
  

Next Element
Rubidium
  
Vanadium
  

Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)   
19
95.20 (-eV)   
10

Lattice Constant
451.97 pm   
18
295.08 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
4.51 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
4.11 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
434.00 MPa   
9

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
15
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.98 (Pa)   
14

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
Not Available   
44.00 GPa   
17

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
110.00 GPa   
15

Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa   
99+
116.00 GPa   
18

Poisson Ratio
0.47   
1
0.32   
12

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
5.91   
99+
4.51   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Poor Conductor   

Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
420.00 nΩ·m   
12

Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
7.60 kJ/mol   
37

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9

Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K   
34
21.90 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
429.00 kJ/mol   
15

Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
15.48 kJ/mol   
19

Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
468.60 kJ/mol   
15

Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+

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