Symbol
Ga
  
Ti
  
Period Number
4
  
4
  
Block
p block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Post-Transition
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
Cmca
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
  
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
  
Discovery
In 1875
  
In 1791
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
  
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
  
13
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
  
16
Melting Point
1,660.00 °C
  
18
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
  
99+
3,287.00 °C
  
22
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery Gray-White
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
  
31
5,090.00 m/s
  
9
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Ga
  
Ti
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol
  
39
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
  
13
1,309.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
  
28
2,652.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol
  
8
4,174.60 kJ/mol
  
32
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
9,581.00 kJ/mol
  
5
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
11,533.00 kJ/mol
  
6
7th Energy level
Not Available
  
13,590.00 kJ/mol
  
6
8th Energy Level
Not Available
  
16,440.00 kJ/mol
  
8
9th Energy Level
Not Available
  
18,530.00 kJ/mol
  
11
10th Energy Level
Not Available
  
20,833.00 kJ/mol
  
15
11th Energy Level
Not Available
  
25,575.00 kJ/mol
  
14
12th Energy Level
Not Available
  
28,125.00 kJ/mol
  
14
13th Energy Level
Not Available
  
76,015.00 kJ/mol
  
1
14th Energy Level
Not Available
  
83,280.00 kJ/mol
  
2
15th Energy Level
Not Available
  
90,880.00 kJ/mol
  
3
16th Energy Level
Not Available
  
100,700.00 kJ/mol
  
4
17th Energy Level
Not Available
  
109,100.00 kJ/mol
  
5
18th Energy Level
Not Available
  
117,800.00 kJ/mol
  
6
19th Energy Level
Not Available
  
129,900.00 kJ/mol
  
7
20th Energy Level
Not Available
  
137,530.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
  
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Chemical Stability, Ionization
  
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
  
19
95.20 (-eV)
  
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
  
99+
4.51 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
  
99+
4.11 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
Ductile
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
  
Poor Conductor
  
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
  
15
420.00 nΩ·m
  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
  
29
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
  
31
7.60 kJ/mol
  
37
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
  
16
0.52 J/(kg K)
  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
  
35
25.06 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
  
34
21.90 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
  
24
8.60 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
  
36
429.00 kJ/mol
  
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
  
99+
15.48 kJ/mol
  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
  
39
468.60 kJ/mol
  
15
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
  
38
27.30 J/mol.K
  
99+