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Hafnium Tungsten Comparison


Tungsten Hafnium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Hf   
W   

Group Number
4   
14
6   
12

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
d block   
d block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440586   
30
7440337   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  

Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy   
Not Available   

Discovery
In 1922   
In 1781   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
5 * 10-8 %   
27

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000004 %   
23

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
39

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
31
0.00 %   
39

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
27
0.00 %   
18

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  

Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31

In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
35

Physical Properties

Melting Point
2,150.00 °C   
10
3,410.00 °C   
1

Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C   
5
5,660.00 °C   
1

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Gray   
Grayish White   

Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
7.50   
2

Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa   
6
2,000.00 MPa   
4

Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa   
5
3,430.00 MPa   
1

Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s   
27
4,620.00 m/s   
16

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
62.00 %   
13

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Hf   
W   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
32   
7
33   
6

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
2.36   
2

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.98   
23

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.40   
19

Allen Electronegativity
1.16   
37
1.47   
29

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
1.64   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
770.00 kJ/mol   
16

2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,700.00 kJ/mol   
29

3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
3.90 eV   
27
4.55 eV   
13

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
72   
99+
74   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
72   
99+
74   
99+

Number of Neutrons
106   
29
110   
27

Number of Electrons
72   
99+
74   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
139.00 pm   
39

Covalent Radius
175.00 pm   
23
162.00 pm   
29

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
178.49 amu   
39
183.84 amu   
37

Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Tantalum
  

Next Element
Tantalum
  
Rhenium
  

Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)   
16
140.00 (-eV)   
5

Lattice Constant
319.64 pm   
99+
316.52 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
12
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3   
26
19.25 g/cm3   
16

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3   
12
17.60 g/cm3   
5

Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa   
8
370.00 MPa   
10

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
24
0.00 (Pa)   
32

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
161.00 GPa   
5

Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa   
15
310.00 GPa   
4

Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa   
25
411.00 GPa   
4

Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.28   
17

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
13.31   
18
19.22   
9

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   

Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
52.80 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10

Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
78.60 kJ/mol   
13

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39

Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
173.00 W/m·K   
7

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
4.50 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
799.10 kJ/mol   
1

Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
35.23 kJ/mol   
1

Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
837.00 kJ/mol   
1

Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+

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