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Hafnium vs Iron

Hafnium
Iron
Iron vs Hafnium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf  
Fe  
Group Number
4  
14
8  
10
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440586  
30
7439896  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
-  
Discovery
In 1922  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.11 %  
1
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.10 %  
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
37
22.00 %  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
31
6.30 %  
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
14
0.01 %  
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Physical
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C  
10
1,535.00 °C  
25
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C  
5
2,750.00 °C  
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa  
6
200.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa  
10
608.00 MPa  
27
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s  
39
5,120.00 m/s  
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
β Allotropes
-  
beta Iron  
γ Allotropes
-  
gamma Iron  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hf  
Fe  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.83  
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.64  
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.83  
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.16  
99+
1.80  
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.17  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
5th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
6th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
9th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
10th Energy Level
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
11th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
12th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
13th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
14th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
15th Energy Level
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
18th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
19th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
20th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
21st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
23rd Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
24th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
25th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
26th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
27th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
28th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
29th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
30th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV  
36
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
72  
99+
26  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
72  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Neutrons
106  
30
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
72  
99+
26  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu  
39
55.85 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Tantalum
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)  
16
67.00 (-eV)  
20
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm  
99+
286.65 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.35  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3  
27
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3  
31
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa  
9
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Viscosity
0.00  
28
0.00  
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
82.00 GPa  
11
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa  
27
211.00 GPa  
9
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.31  
30
7.20  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.01 H/m  
1
Susceptibility
0.00  
13
200,000.00  
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
80.40 W/m·K  
22
Critical Temperature
2,500.00 K  
11
1,811.00 K  
29
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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