Hafnium vs Iron
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf
Fe
Group Number
4
14
8
10
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440586
30
7439896
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Unknown
Discovery
In 1922
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.1 %
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
37
22.00 %
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
31
6.30 %
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
27
0.00 %
12
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.01 %
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
- It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
In Bone
Not Available
380.00 p.p.m.
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C
10
1,535.00 °C
25
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C
5
2,750.00 °C
37
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa
6
200.00 MPa
40
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa
5
608.00 MPa
18
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s
27
5,120.00 m/s
8
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
65.00 %
12
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
β Allotropes
Not Available
beta Iron
γ Allotropes
Not Available
gamma Iron
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hf
Fe
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
32
7
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
1.83
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.64
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.16
37
1.80
12
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.17
40
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol
40
762.50 kJ/mol
17
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol
99+
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
9th Energy Level
Not Available
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
10th Energy Level
Not Available
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
11th Energy Level
Not Available
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
12th Energy Level
Not Available
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
13th Energy Level
Not Available
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
14th Energy Level
Not Available
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
16th Energy Level
Not Available
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
17th Energy Level
Not Available
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
18th Energy Level
Not Available
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
19th Energy Level
Not Available
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV
27
4.70 eV
10
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
72
99+
26
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
72
99+
26
99+
Number of Neutrons
106
29
30
99+
Number of Electrons
72
99+
26
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm
28
126.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm
23
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu
39
55.85 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol
38
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)
16
67.00 (-eV)
20
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm
99+
286.65 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
12
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3
26
7.87 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3
12
6.98 g/cm3
35
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa
8
11,000.00 MPa
1
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
24
36.80 (Pa)
5
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa
23
82.00 GPa
11
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa
15
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa
25
211.00 GPa
9
Poisson Ratio
0.37
7
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.31
18
7.20
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Susceptibility
Not Available
2,00,000.00
1
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m
14
96.10 nΩ·m
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
39
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
15.70 kJ/mol
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
37
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K
36
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K
99+
80.40 W/m·K
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol
5
351.00 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol
8
14.90 kJ/mol
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol
5
414.20 kJ/mol
19
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K
34
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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