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Iron vs Hafnium

Iron
Hafnium
Hafnium vs Iron


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe  
Hf  
Group Number
8  
10
4  
14
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439896  
99+
7440586  
30
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
By-product Zirconium Refining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1922  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.11 %  
1
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.10 %  
1
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %  
1
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %  
2
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %  
6
0.00 %  
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C  
25
2,150.00 °C  
10
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C  
39
5,400.00 °C  
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa  
99+
1,450.00 MPa  
6
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa  
27
1,520.00 MPa  
10
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s  
12
3,010.00 m/s  
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.60  
4
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
71.00 %  
12
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
-  
β Allotropes
beta Iron  
-  
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fe  
Hf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83  
15
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64  
9
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83  
16
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.80  
15
1.16  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
25th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
26th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
27th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
28th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
29th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
30th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
3.90 eV  
36
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
26  
99+
72  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
26  
99+
72  
99+
Number of Neutrons
30  
99+
106  
30
Number of Electrons
26  
99+
72  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm  
99+
159.00 pm  
30
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
175.00 pm  
25
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu  
99+
178.49 amu  
39
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Manganese
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Cobalt
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)  
20
81.00 (-eV)  
16
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm  
99+
319.64 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.35  
99+
1.58  
34
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
13.31 g/cm3  
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
12.00 g/cm3  
31
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa  
1
445.00 MPa  
9
Viscosity
0.00  
19
0.00  
28
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)  
5
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa  
11
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa  
9
78.00 GPa  
27
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.20  
99+
13.31  
30
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.01 H/m  
1
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
200,000.00  
1
0.00  
13
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K  
22
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,811.00 K  
29
2,500.00 K  
11
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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