Home
 Compare Metals

Hafnium vs Mercury

Hafnium
Mercury
Mercury vs Hafnium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf  
Hg  
Group Number
4  
14
12  
6
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440586  
30
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In 1922  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.09 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
37
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
31
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
27
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
Physical
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C  
10
-38.83 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C  
5
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa  
6
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa  
10
0.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s  
39
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hf  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.81  
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.16  
99+
1.44  
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
18th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
20th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
21st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
23rd Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
24th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
25th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
26th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
27th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
28th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
29th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
30th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV  
36
4.49 eV  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
72  
99+
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
72  
99+
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
106  
30
121  
23
Number of Electrons
72  
99+
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu  
39
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Tantalum
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)  
16
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm  
99+
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
0.42  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3  
27
13.53 g/cm3  
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3  
31
13.55 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa  
9
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
28
0.00  
4
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
25.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa  
27
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.31  
30
13.53  
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
13
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,500.00 K  
11
1,750.00 K  
33
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Transition Metals

Transition Metals

Transition Metals

» More Transition Metals

Compare Transition Metals

» More Compare Transition Metals
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!