Holmium Indium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ho
In
Group Number
Not Available
13
5
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440600
29
7440746
17
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
I4/mmm
Space Group Number
194.00
5
139.00
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Discovery
In 1878
In 1863
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
3 * 10-8 %
28
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
- Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,461.00 °C
30
156.61 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C
99+
2,000.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.20
20
Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa
13
8.80 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa
23
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s
30
1,215.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ho
In
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.23
37
1.78
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.14
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.49
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.76
10
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.66
18
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.77
17
2.22
38
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol
99+
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol
34
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr
29
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.12 eV
24
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
67
99+
49
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
67
99+
49
99+
Number of Neutrons
98
34
66
99+
Number of Electrons
67
99+
49
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
167.00 pm
24
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm
17
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
193.00 pm
31
Atomic Weight
164.93 amu
99+
114.82 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol
24
15.70 cm3/mol
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)
31
54.00 (-eV)
25
Lattice Constant
357.73 pm
38
325.23 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
17
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3
99+
7.31 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3
26
7.02 g/cm3
33
Tensile Strength
Not Available
2.50 MPa
21
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
16
0.01 (Pa)
11
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa
28
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa
32
Not Available
Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa
31
11.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23
29
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.80
35
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m
4
83.70 nΩ·m
34
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K
19
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K
99+
81.80 W/m·K
21
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)
35
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol
38
226.40 kJ/mol
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol
29
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol
36
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K
8
57.80 J/mol.K
22
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