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Indium vs Praseodymium

Indium
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In  
Pr  
Group Number
13  
5
3  
15
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
p block  
f block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440746  
17
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
139.00  
11
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter  
-  
Discovery
In 1863  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
156.61 °C  
99+
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C  
99+
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Grayish White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20  
21
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa  
99+
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
0.01 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s  
99+
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
3.41  
1
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
In  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78  
17
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14  
9
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49  
14
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76  
18
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.66  
21
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22  
38
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol  
19
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol  
40
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol  
26
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
55,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
5,581.00 kJ/mol  
24
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV  
31
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
49  
99+
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49  
99+
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
66  
99+
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
49  
99+
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm  
26
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm  
38
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu  
99+
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol  
99+
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)  
26
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm  
99+
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa  
99+
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)  
11
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
46.90 GPa  
27
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
34
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m  
34
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω  
20
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol  
37
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K  
32
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K  
21
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
429.75 K  
99+
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)  
9
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol  
99+
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol  
99+
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol  
99+
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K  
27
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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