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Praseodymium vs Indium

Praseodymium
Indium
Indium vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
In  
Group Number
3  
15
13  
5
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7440746  
17
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
I4/mmm  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
139.00  
11
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 1863  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
156.61 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
2,000.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
1.20  
21
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
8.80 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
0.01 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
1,215.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
3.41  
1
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
83.00 %  
6
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
In  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.78  
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
2.14  
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.49  
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.76  
18
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.66  
21
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.22  
38
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,820.70 kJ/mol  
19
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,704.00 kJ/mol  
40
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,210.00 kJ/mol  
26
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
55,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,581.00 kJ/mol  
24
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.43 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
4.12 eV  
31
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
49  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
49  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
66  
99+
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
49  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
167.00 pm  
26
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
193.00 pm  
38
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
114.82 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
15.70 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Cadmium
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Tin
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
54.00 (-eV)  
26
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
325.23 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
7.31 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
7.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
2.50 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.01 (Pa)  
11
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
46.90 GPa  
27
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
11.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
34
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
83.70 nΩ·m  
34
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.12 106/cm Ω  
20
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
28.90 kJ/mol  
37
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
26.74 J/mol·K  
32
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
81.80 W/m·K  
21
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
429.75 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
32.10 µm/(m·K)  
9
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
226.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
3.28 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
242.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
57.80 J/mol.K  
27
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