Holmium Lutetium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ho
Lu
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440600
29
7439943
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Discovery
In 1878
In 1906
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
1 * 10-8 %
30
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
- Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
Industrial Uses
NA
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,461.00 °C
30
1,652.00 °C
19
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C
99+
3,402.00 °C
19
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa
13
893.00 MPa
10
Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa
23
1,160.00 MPa
8
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s
30
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ho
Lu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.23
37
1.27
34
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.14
28
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.77
17
2.73
20
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol
99+
523.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,340.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,022.30 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol
34
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,445.00 kJ/mol
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr
29
2.18 g/amp-hr
23
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.30 eV
33
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
67
99+
71
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
67
99+
71
99+
Number of Neutrons
98
34
104
30
Number of Electrons
67
99+
71
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
174.00 pm
20
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm
17
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
221.00 pm
22
Atomic Weight
164.93 amu
99+
174.97 amu
40
Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol
24
17.78 cm3/mol
30
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)
31
50.90 (-eV)
26
Lattice Constant
357.73 pm
38
350.31 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
17
1.59
10
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3
99+
9.84 g/cm3
38
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3
26
9.30 g/cm3
22
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
16
0.00 (Pa)
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
3.18 (Pa)
11
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa
28
27.20 GPa
26
Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa
32
47.60 GPa
23
Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa
31
68.60 GPa
30
Poisson Ratio
0.23
29
0.26
21
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.80
35
9.84
29
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m
4
582.00 nΩ·m
9
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K
19
26.86 J/mol·K
24
Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K
99+
16.40 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)
35
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol
38
355.90 kJ/mol
22
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol
29
18.70 kJ/mol
13
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol
36
398.00 kJ/mol
20
Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K
8
51.00 J/mol.K
30
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