Holmium Vanadium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ho
V
Group Number
Not Available
5
13
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440600
29
7440622
27
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine
Andrés Manuel del Río
Discovery
In 1878
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
1 * 10-4 %
10
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.00004 %
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
38
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
14
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
- Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
- Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
36
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,461.00 °C
30
1,890.00 °C
13
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C
99+
3,380.00 °C
20
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Blue-Silver Grey
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
6.70
4
Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa
13
600.00 MPa
20
Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa
23
628.00 MPa
17
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s
30
4,560.00 m/s
17
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
61.00 %
14
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ho
V
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
22
17
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.23
37
1.63
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.39
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.45
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.53
26
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.77
17
2.37
34
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol
99+
650.90 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol
35
4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol
34
4,507.00 kJ/mol
25
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,298.70 kJ/mol
23
6th Energy Level
Not Available
12,363.00 kJ/mol
5
7th Energy level
Not Available
14,530.00 kJ/mol
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,730.00 kJ/mol
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,860.00 kJ/mol
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available
22,240.00 kJ/mol
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available
24,670.00 kJ/mol
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available
29,730.00 kJ/mol
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available
32,446.00 kJ/mol
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available
86,450.00 kJ/mol
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available
94,170.00 kJ/mol
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available
102,300.00 kJ/mol
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available
112,700.00 kJ/mol
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available
121,600.00 kJ/mol
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available
130,700.00 kJ/mol
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available
143,400.00 kJ/mol
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available
151,440.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr
29
0.38 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.30 eV
18
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
67
99+
23
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
67
99+
23
99+
Number of Neutrons
98
34
28
99+
Number of Electrons
67
99+
23
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm
17
153.00 pm
33
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
164.93 amu
99+
50.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol
24
8.78 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)
31
120.00 (-eV)
6
Lattice Constant
357.73 pm
38
303.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
17
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3
99+
6.00 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3
26
5.50 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
800.00 MPa
6
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
16
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.23 (Pa)
16
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa
28
47.00 GPa
16
Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa
32
160.00 GPa
11
Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa
31
128.00 GPa
15
Poisson Ratio
0.23
29
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.80
35
5.96
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m
4
197.00 nΩ·m
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.60 kJ/mol
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
0.49 J/(kg K)
10
Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K
19
24.89 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K
99+
30.70 W/m·K
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)
35
8.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol
38
458.60 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol
29
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol
36
514.60 kJ/mol
13
Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K
8
28.90 J/mol.K
99+
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