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Holmium Vanadium Comparison


Vanadium Holmium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ho   
V   

Group Number
Not Available   
5   
13

Period Number
6   
4   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440600   
29
7440622   
27

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine   
Andrés Manuel del Río   

Discovery
In 1878   
In 1801   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
1 * 10-4 %   
10

Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.00004 %   
13

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
14

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
38
0.02 %   
12

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
14

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  

Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36

In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
31

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,461.00 °C   
30
1,890.00 °C   
13

Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C   
99+
3,380.00 °C   
20

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Blue-Silver Grey   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.70   
4

Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa   
13
600.00 MPa   
20

Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa   
23
628.00 MPa   
17

Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s   
30
4,560.00 m/s   
17

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
61.00 %   
14

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ho   
V   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
34   
5
22   
17

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.23   
37
1.63   
20

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.39   
17

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10   
30
1.45   
16

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.53   
26

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.77   
17
2.37   
34

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol   
99+
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35

4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol   
34
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5

7th Energy level
Not Available   
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5

19th Energy Level
Not Available   
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6

20th Energy Level
Not Available   
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8

21st Energy Level
Not Available   
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr   
29
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.30 eV   
18

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
67   
99+
23   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
67   
99+
23   
99+

Number of Neutrons
98   
34
28   
99+

Number of Electrons
67   
99+
23   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
134.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
192.00 pm   
17
153.00 pm   
33

Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
164.93 amu   
99+
50.94 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol   
24
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Dysprosium
  
Titanium
  

Next Element
Erbium
  
Chromium
  

Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)   
31
120.00 (-eV)   
6

Lattice Constant
357.73 pm   
38
303.00 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3   
99+
6.00 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3   
26
5.50 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
800.00 MPa   
6

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
16
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.23 (Pa)   
16

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa   
28
47.00 GPa   
16

Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa   
32
160.00 GPa   
11

Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa   
31
128.00 GPa   
15

Poisson Ratio
0.23   
29
0.37   
7

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
8.80   
35
5.96   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   

Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m   
4
197.00 nΩ·m   
19

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.60 kJ/mol   
20

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10

Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K   
19
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K   
99+
30.70 W/m·K   
39

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)   
35
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol   
38
458.60 kJ/mol   
14

Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol   
29
17.57 kJ/mol   
14

Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol   
36
514.60 kJ/mol   
13

Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K   
8
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+

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