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Holmium vs Seaborgium

Holmium
Seaborgium
Seaborgium vs Holmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ho  
Sg  
Group Number
3  
15
6  
12
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440600  
29
54038812  
9
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  
  • Seaborgium most stable isotope is Sg and it has 2.1 min of half- life.
  • And other isotopes of Seaborgium have half-lives as short as 3 ms.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1878  
In 1974  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
-  
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
38
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  
  • Currently known uses of Seaborgium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,461.00 °C  
30
-  
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa  
14
400.00 MPa  
34
Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa  
36
520.00 MPa  
33
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.67  
29
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
16
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ho  
Sg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.23  
38
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.23  
30
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10  
31
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.23  
37
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.23  
99+
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.77  
17
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
757.40 kJ/mol  
21
2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,732.90 kJ/mol  
29
3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,483.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,415.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,561.80 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,715.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,500.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,600.00 kJ/mol  
39
12th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
971.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
40
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
22nd Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
22
24th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
971.00 kJ/mol  
4
25th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
28th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
761.90 kJ/mol  
21
30th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr  
33
3.20 g/amp-hr  
14
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
-  
Atomic
Atomic Number
67  
99+
106  
12
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
67  
99+
106  
12
Number of Neutrons
98  
35
157  
8
Number of Electrons
67  
99+
106  
12
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
20
132.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm  
17
143.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
230.00 pm  
24
Atomic Weight
164.93 amu  
99+
269.00 amu  
9
Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol  
36
35.00 cm3/mol  
8
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Dysprosium
  
Dubnium
  
Next Element
Erbium
  
Bohrium
  
Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)  
32
6.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
357.73 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
1.36  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Tensile Strength
270.00 MPa  
17
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
17
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa  
35
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa  
37
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa  
33
12.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
29
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.80  
99+
35.00  
6
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m  
4
0.38 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)  
36
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K  
25
35.00 J/mol·K  
5
Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K  
99+
0.14 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,747.00 K  
34
1,200.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol  
99+
585.00 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol  
35
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.00 kJ/mol  
8
Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K  
8
42.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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