Holmium vs Silver
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ho
Ag
Group Number
Not Available
11
7
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440600
29
7440224
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine
Unknown
Discovery
In 1878
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
- Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
29
In Bone
Not Available
0.44 p.p.m.
20
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,461.00 °C
30
961.93 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C
99+
2,212.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa
13
251.00 MPa
37
Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa
23
229.00 MPa
30
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s
30
2,680.00 m/s
34
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
97.00 %
1
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ho
Ag
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.23
37
1.93
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.83
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.47
15
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.87
7
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.77
17
2.07
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol
99+
731.00 kJ/mol
27
2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol
11
3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,361.00 kJ/mol
19
4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol
34
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr
29
4.02 g/amp-hr
7
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.26 eV
20
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
67
99+
47
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
67
99+
47
99+
Number of Neutrons
98
34
61
99+
Number of Electrons
67
99+
47
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
144.00 pm
36
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm
17
145.00 pm
39
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
172.00 pm
38
Atomic Weight
164.93 amu
99+
107.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol
24
10.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)
31
11.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
357.73 pm
38
408.53 pm
20
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
17
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3
99+
10.49 g/cm3
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3
26
9.32 g/cm3
21
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
16
0.00 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa
28
30.00 GPa
23
Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa
32
100.00 GPa
16
Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa
31
83.00 GPa
23
Poisson Ratio
0.23
29
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.80
35
10.50
26
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
5
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m
4
15.87 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.63 106/cm Ω
1
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
125.60 kJ/mol
5
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
0.24 J/(kg K)
25
Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K
19
25.35 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K
99+
429.00 W/m·K
1
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)
35
18.90 µm/(m·K)
23
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol
38
255.10 kJ/mol
37
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol
29
11.30 kJ/mol
31
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol
36
284.50 kJ/mol
37
Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K
8
42.60 J/mol.K
35
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