Indium Rhodium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
In
Rh
Group Number
13
5
9
9
Period Number
5
5
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440746
17
7440166
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
139.00
8
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In 1863
In 1804
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %
28
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C
99+
1,966.00 °C
12
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C
99+
3,727.00 °C
17
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.20
20
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa
99+
980.00 MPa
9
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,100.00 MPa
9
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s
99+
4,700.00 m/s
15
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In
Rh
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
16
23
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78
16
2.28
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14
8
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49
13
1.45
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76
10
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.66
18
1.56
24
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22
38
1.72
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
719.70 kJ/mol
29
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
1,740.00 kJ/mol
26
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
2,997.00 kJ/mol
27
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV
24
4.98 eV
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49
99+
45
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
49
99+
45
99+
Number of Neutrons
66
99+
58
99+
Number of Electrons
49
99+
45
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm
24
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm
99+
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm
31
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu
99+
102.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol
33
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)
25
64.00 (-eV)
22
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm
99+
380.34 pm
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3
99+
12.41 g/cm3
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3
33
10.70 g/cm3
14
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa
21
951.00 MPa
5
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)
11
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.02 (Pa)
19
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
150.00 GPa
6
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
275.00 GPa
5
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
380.00 GPa
5
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.26
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
12.41
20
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m
34
43.30 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
0.21 106/cm Ω
8
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
109.70 kJ/mol
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
0.24 J/(kg K)
22
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
24.98 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K
21
150.00 W/m·K
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
8.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol
40
495.40 kJ/mol
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
21.76 kJ/mol
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
556.50 kJ/mol
12
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K
22
31.50 J/mol.K
99+
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