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Indium vs Palladium

Indium
Palladium
Palladium vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In   
Pd   
Group Number
13   
5
10   
8
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440746   
17
7440053   
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1863   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %   
28
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0000003 %   
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C   
99+
1,554.90 °C   
22
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C   
99+
2,963.00 °C   
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
4.75   
9
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa   
99+
320.00 MPa   
33
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
121.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
3,070.00 m/s   
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.72   
1
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In   
Pd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
38   
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78   
16
2.20   
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14   
8
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49   
13
1.35   
21
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76   
10
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.66   
18
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22   
38
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV   
24
5.12 eV   
3
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49   
99+
46   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
[Kr] 4d10   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49   
99+
46   
99+
Number of Neutrons
66   
99+
60   
99+
Number of Electrons
49   
99+
46   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm   
24
137.00 pm   
40
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm   
31
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu   
99+
106.42 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)   
25
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm   
99+
389.07 pm   
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
12.02 g/cm3   
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3   
33
10.38 g/cm3   
17
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
11
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
121.00 GPa   
16
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.39   
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
12.02   
21
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K   
21
71.80 W/m·K   
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
Periodic Table >>
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