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Palladium vs Nihonium

Palladium
Nihonium
Nihonium vs Palladium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd  
Nh  
Group Number
10  
8
13  
5
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Probably Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440053  
99+
54084707  
6
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Nihonium is a synthetic chemical element and is highly radioactive.  
Sources
Ores of metals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 2003  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
24
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Currently known uses of Ununtrium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C  
22
430.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C  
34
1,130.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75  
9
-  
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa  
99+
350.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s  
38
3,600.00 m/s  
29
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72  
25
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pd  
Nh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38  
1
7  
31
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35  
22
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.00  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
0.70  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
704.90 kJ/mol  
34
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
2,238.50 kJ/mol  
7
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
3,023.30 kJ/mol  
26
4th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,351.50 kJ/mol  
39
5th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,692.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
40
8th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
36
9th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
10th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
37
11th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
35
12th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
13th Energy Level
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,000.00 kJ/mol  
34
14th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
7,000.00 kJ/mol  
24
15th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
70,000.00 kJ/mol  
30
16th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
70,000.00 kJ/mol  
25
17th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
3,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
540.20 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
700.00 kJ/mol  
36
21st Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,130.00 kJ/mol  
29
22nd Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
7,000.00 kJ/mol  
11
24th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
700.00 kJ/mol  
29
25th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
586.20 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
704.90 kJ/mol  
28
28th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
704.90 kJ/mol  
33
29th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
704.90 kJ/mol  
34
30th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
704.00 kJ/mol  
28
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV  
7
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
46  
99+
113  
5
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Ununtrium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46  
99+
113  
5
Number of Neutrons
60  
99+
150  
12
Number of Electrons
46  
99+
113  
5
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
320.00 pm  
3
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu  
99+
286.00 amu  
4
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
21.10 cm3/mol  
24
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Copernicium
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Flerovium
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
6.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm  
28
0.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.58  
35
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3  
31
16.00 g/cm3  
19
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3  
38
16.00 g/cm3  
19
Tensile Strength
550.00 MPa  
8
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
14
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
40.00 GPa  
19
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa  
18
12.20 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02  
33
16.00  
21
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
5
Susceptibility
0.00  
27
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
0.32 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K  
23
1.70 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,825.00 K  
26
700.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
410.80 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
320.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
65.00 J/mol.K  
17
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