Palladium vs Indium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd
In
Group Number
10
8
13
5
Period Number
5
5
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440053
99+
7440746
17
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
I4/mmm
Space Group Number
225.00
2
139.00
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
Sources
Ores of metals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Discovery
In 1803
In 1863
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
3 * 10-8 %
28
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %
24
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Medical Research
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C
22
156.61 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C
33
2,000.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.75
9
1.20
20
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa
33
8.80 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa
36
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s
26
1,215.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.72
1
Not Available
Reflectivity
84.00 %
4
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pd
In
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
38
1
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.78
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.14
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35
21
1.49
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.76
10
Allen Electronegativity
1.59
22
1.66
18
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.22
38
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol
99+
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol
2
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol
3
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr
30
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV
3
4.12 eV
24
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
46
99+
49
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
46
99+
49
99+
Number of Neutrons
60
99+
66
99+
Number of Electrons
46
99+
49
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm
40
167.00 pm
24
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm
40
193.00 pm
31
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu
99+
114.82 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol
99+
15.70 cm3/mol
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)
99+
54.00 (-eV)
25
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm
25
325.23 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3
29
7.31 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3
17
7.02 g/cm3
33
Tensile Strength
Not Available
2.50 MPa
21
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
27
0.01 (Pa)
11
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
30
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa
17
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
Not Available
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa
16
11.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.39
5
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.02
21
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m
29
83.70 nΩ·m
34
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
22
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol
17
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K
33
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K
23
81.80 W/m·K
21
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol
19
226.40 kJ/mol
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol
18
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol
22
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K
40
57.80 J/mol.K
22
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