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Indium vs Scandium

Indium
Scandium
Scandium vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In   
Sc   
Group Number
13   
5
3   
15
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440746   
17
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
In 1863   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %   
28
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C   
99+
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C   
99+
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Lustrous   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa   
99+
750.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78   
16
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14   
8
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49   
13
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76   
10
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.66   
18
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22   
38
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV   
24
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49   
99+
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49   
99+
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
66   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
49   
99+
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm   
24
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm   
31
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu   
99+
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)   
25
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm   
99+
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3   
33
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
11
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K   
21
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
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