Indium vs Vanadium
Periodic Table
Symbol
In
V
Group Number
13
5
5
13
Period Number
5
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440746
17
7440622
27
Space Group Name
I4/mmm
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
139.00
8
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Andrés Manuel del Río
Discovery
In 1863
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %
28
1 * 10-4 %
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.00004 %
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
14
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
- Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
36
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C
99+
1,890.00 °C
13
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C
99+
3,380.00 °C
20
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Blue-Silver Grey
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.20
20
6.70
4
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa
99+
600.00 MPa
20
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
628.00 MPa
17
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s
99+
4,560.00 m/s
17
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
61.00 %
14
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In
V
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
22
17
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78
16
1.63
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14
8
1.39
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49
13
1.45
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76
10
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.66
18
1.53
26
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22
38
2.37
34
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
650.90 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
1,414.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
2,830.00 kJ/mol
35
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
4,507.00 kJ/mol
25
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,298.70 kJ/mol
23
6th Energy Level
Not Available
12,363.00 kJ/mol
5
7th Energy level
Not Available
14,530.00 kJ/mol
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,730.00 kJ/mol
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,860.00 kJ/mol
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available
22,240.00 kJ/mol
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available
24,670.00 kJ/mol
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available
29,730.00 kJ/mol
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available
32,446.00 kJ/mol
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available
86,450.00 kJ/mol
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available
94,170.00 kJ/mol
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available
102,300.00 kJ/mol
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available
112,700.00 kJ/mol
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available
121,600.00 kJ/mol
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available
130,700.00 kJ/mol
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available
143,400.00 kJ/mol
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available
151,440.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV
24
4.30 eV
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49
99+
23
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
49
99+
23
99+
Number of Neutrons
66
99+
28
99+
Number of Electrons
49
99+
23
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm
24
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm
99+
153.00 pm
33
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm
31
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu
99+
50.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol
33
8.78 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)
25
120.00 (-eV)
6
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm
99+
303.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3
99+
6.00 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3
33
5.50 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa
21
800.00 MPa
6
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)
11
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.23 (Pa)
16
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
47.00 GPa
16
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
160.00 GPa
11
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
128.00 GPa
15
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
5.96
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m
34
197.00 nΩ·m
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
50.60 kJ/mol
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
0.49 J/(kg K)
10
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
24.89 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K
21
30.70 W/m·K
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
8.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol
40
458.60 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
514.60 kJ/mol
13
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K
22
28.90 J/mol.K
99+
|
||
|
||
|
