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Iridium vs Chromium

Iridium
Chromium
Chromium vs Iridium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir  
Cr  
Group Number
9  
9
6  
12
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439885  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1803  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
29
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C  
7
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C  
10
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
5
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa  
8
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s  
17
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
78.00 %  
8
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ir  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
12
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.68  
20
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
2,256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
8
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
25
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
23
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
40
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
26
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
24
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
37
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
12
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
7
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
77  
39
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
34
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu  
34
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm  
29
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3  
10
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3  
13
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa  
2
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
21
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa  
2
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa  
3
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78  
12
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
5
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K  
10
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
2,719.00 K  
8
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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