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Iridium vs Hafnium

Iridium
Hafnium
Hafnium vs Iridium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir  
Hf  
Group Number
9  
9
4  
14
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439885  
99+
7440586  
30
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
By-product Zirconium Refining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1922  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %  
22
7 * 10-8 %  
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %  
25
~0.0000001 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
27
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C  
7
2,150.00 °C  
10
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C  
10
5,400.00 °C  
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
5
1,450.00 MPa  
6
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa  
3
1,520.00 MPa  
5
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s  
13
3,010.00 m/s  
27
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
78.00 %  
6
Not Available  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir  
Hf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
4
1.30  
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
11
1.23  
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.68  
17
1.16  
37
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
35
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available  
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
13
3.90 eV  
27
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77  
39
72  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
72  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
27
106  
29
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
72  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
159.00 pm  
28
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
175.00 pm  
23
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
27
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu  
34
178.49 amu  
39
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
13.60 cm3/mol  
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
81.00 (-eV)  
16
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm  
26
319.64 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
1.58  
12
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3  
10
13.31 g/cm3  
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3  
3
12.00 g/cm3  
12
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa  
2
445.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa  
2
30.00 GPa  
23
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa  
3
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
78.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78  
3
13.31  
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.03 106/cm Ω  
39
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
0.14 J/(kg K)  
37
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
25.73 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K  
10
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
661.10 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
43.60 J/mol.K  
34
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