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Iridium vs Hafnium

Iridium
Hafnium
Hafnium vs Iridium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir   
Hf   
Group Number
9   
9
4   
14
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439885   
99+
7440586   
30
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By-product Zirconium Refining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1922   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
27
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C   
7
2,150.00 °C   
10
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C   
10
5,400.00 °C   
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
5
1,450.00 MPa   
6
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa   
3
1,520.00 MPa   
5
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s   
13
3,010.00 m/s   
27
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
78.00 %   
6
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir   
Hf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.68   
17
1.16   
37
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol   
9
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
35
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
3.90 eV   
27
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77   
39
72   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
72   
99+
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
106   
29
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
72   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
175.00 pm   
23
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu   
34
178.49 amu   
39
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
81.00 (-eV)   
16
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm   
26
319.64 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
12
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3   
10
13.31 g/cm3   
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3   
3
12.00 g/cm3   
12
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa   
2
445.00 MPa   
8
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
25
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa   
2
30.00 GPa   
23
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa   
3
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa   
1
78.00 GPa   
25
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
22
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78   
3
13.31   
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m   
99+
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol   
4
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K   
10
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K   
99+
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
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