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Iridium vs Nickel

Iridium
Nickel
Nickel vs Iridium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir  
Ni  
Group Number
9  
9
10  
8
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439885  
99+
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.01 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.01 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
29
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C  
7
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C  
10
2,732.00 °C  
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
5
667.00 MPa  
20
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa  
8
638.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s  
17
4,900.00 m/s  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.68  
28
Reflectivity
78.00 %  
8
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ir  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.91  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.94  
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
12
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.91  
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.68  
20
1.88  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
2,256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
5th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
8
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
25
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
23
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
40
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
13th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
26
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
24
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
37
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
12
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
7
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
24th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
25th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
26th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
27th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
28th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
29th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
30th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
5.15 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
77  
39
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
34
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu  
34
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm  
29
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3  
10
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3  
13
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa  
2
345.00 MPa  
13
Viscosity
0.00  
21
0.00  
8
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa  
2
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa  
3
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
200.00 GPa  
12
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78  
12
8.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
0.00  
5
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K  
10
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
2,719.00 K  
8
1,728.00 K  
35
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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