1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74398967440451
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10-1 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.1 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Medical Research
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Moderately Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.2.70 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,535.00 °C795.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C3,257.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa186.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa210.00 MPa
121
3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s2,100.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol1,949.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol3,547.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol6,325.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol7,490.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/molNA
93400
184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/molNA
98420
198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/molNA
104400
195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr1.74 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
126.00 pm181.80 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
132.00 pm204.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm235.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
55.85 amu140.12 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol20.67 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)41.78 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
286.65 pm362.00 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm36.77 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm36.55 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPaNA
2.5
11000
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)1.04 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa13.50 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa21.50 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa33.60 GPa
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
6.3 * 10-3 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
2,00,000.00NA
-0.000166
200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m828.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K26.94 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K11.30 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)6.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol414.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol5.46 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol381.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K72.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1