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Lanthanum Lanthanum Comparison


Lanthanum Lanthanum comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
La   
La   

Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
f block   
f block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7439910   
99+
7439910   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
Carl Gustaf Mosander   

Discovery
In 1838   
In 1838   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
2 * 10-7 %   
22

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000002 %   
25

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
32
0.00 %   
32

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
19

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
29

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  

Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Low Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.   
24
0.08 p.p.m.   
24

Physical Properties

Melting Point
920.00 °C   
99+
920.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C   
18
3,469.00 °C   
18

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   

Luster
NA   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
2.50   
14

Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa   
30
350.00 MPa   
30

Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa   
26
360.00 MPa   
26

Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s   
37
2,475.00 m/s   
37

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
La   
La   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
31   
8
31   
8

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.10   
99+
1.10   
99+

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.08   
31

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.90   
10
2.90   
10

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol   
99+
538.10 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,067.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol   
99+
1,850.30 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol   
22
4,819.00 kJ/mol   
22

5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol   
25
5,940.00 kJ/mol   
25

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.73 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
3.50 eV   
31
3.50 eV   
31

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
57   
99+
57   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2   
[Xe] 5d2 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   

Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
57   
99+
57   
99+

Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
82   
99+

Number of Electrons
57   
99+
57   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
187.00 pm   
8
187.00 pm   
8

Covalent Radius
207.00 pm   
6
207.00 pm   
6

Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm   
13
240.00 pm   
13

Atomic Weight
138.91 amu   
99+
138.91 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol   
16
20.73 cm3/mol   
16

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Barium
  
Barium
  

Next Element
Cerium
  
Cerium
  

Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)   
99+
40.71 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
377.20 pm   
28
377.20 pm   
28

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
2
1.62   
2

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3   
99+
6.16 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3   
99+
5.94 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
15
0.98 (Pa)   
15

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa   
40
14.30 GPa   
40

Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa   
99+
27.90 GPa   
99+

Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa   
99+
36.60 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.28   
17

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
6.17   
99+
6.17   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m   
7
615.00 nΩ·m   
7

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol   
23
48.00 kJ/mol   
23

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32

Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
21
27.11 J/mol·K   
21

Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K   
99+
13.40 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)   
32
12.10 µm/(m·K)   
32

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol   
17
399.60 kJ/mol   
17

Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol   
99+
6.20 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol   
16
431.00 kJ/mol   
16

Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K   
23
56.90 J/mol.K   
23

Summary >>
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