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Lanthanum vs Cesium

Lanthanum
Cesium
Cesium vs Lanthanum


Periodic Table
Symbol
La  
Cs  
Group Number
Not Available  
1  
17
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7439910  
99+
7440462  
40
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
Not Available  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Discovery
In 1838  
In 1860  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %  
22
8 * 10-8 %  
24
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %  
25
~0.0000008 %  
20
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
32
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Mildly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
Not Available  
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
28
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.  
24
0.05 p.p.m.  
26
Physical Properties
Melting Point
920.00 °C  
99+
28.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C  
18
678.40 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Gold  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
14
0.20  
25
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
30
0.14 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa  
26
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s  
37
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
La  
Cs  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
0.79  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.22  
33
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08  
31
0.86  
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.62  
26
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.66  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
3.21  
2
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,234.30 kJ/mol  
8
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol  
99+
3,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol  
22
Not Available  
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol  
25
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.96 g/amp-hr  
3
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV  
31
2.14 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
57  
99+
55  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2  
[Xe] 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
57  
99+
55  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
78  
99+
Number of Electrons
57  
99+
55  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm  
8
265.00 pm  
1
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm  
6
244.00 pm  
2
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm  
13
343.00 pm  
2
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu  
99+
132.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol  
16
71.07 cm3/mol  
1
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Barium
  
Tin
  
Next Element
Cerium
  
Barium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)  
99+
8.62 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm  
28
614.10 pm  
5
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
2
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3  
99+
1.93 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3  
99+
1.84 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
15
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa  
40
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa  
99+
1.60 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa  
99+
1.70 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.17  
99+
1.87  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m  
7
205.00 nΩ·m  
17
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω  
35
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol  
23
45.50 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
32
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
21
32.21 J/mol·K  
4
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K  
99+
35.90 W/m·K  
36
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
1,938.00 K  
5
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
32
97.00 µm/(m·K)  
1
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol  
17
65.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol  
99+
2.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol  
16
78.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K  
23
85.20 J/mol.K  
3
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