Lead Berkelium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb
Bk
Group Number
14
4
Not Available
Period Number
6
7
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Actinide
CAS Number
7439921
99+
7440406
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
- Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
In 1949
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
23
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
26
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
8
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.
10
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C
99+
986.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C
99+
2,627.00 °C
40
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb
Bk
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
14
25
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87
13
1.30
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29
4
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
1.20
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41
2
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.85
8
2.70
1
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67
99+
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
31
601.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
2,152.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
3,434.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
3.07 g/amp-hr
16
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV
21
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82
34
97
21
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
82
34
97
21
Number of Neutrons
125
19
150
11
Number of Electrons
82
34
97
21
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm
19
170.00 pm
22
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm
38
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
Not Available
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu
30
247.00 amu
18
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol
27
Not Available
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)
99+
45.50 (-eV)
36
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm
16
341.60 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3
33
14.78 g/cm3
22
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3
15
13.25 g/cm3
11
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa
20
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)
7
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa
24
Not Available
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.44
3
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
11.35
25
14.00
14
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m
16
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
Not Available
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol
28
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K
26
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K
38
10.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K
17
Not Available
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