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Lead Copper Comparison

Lead
Copper
Copper Lead comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb   
Cu   
Group Number
14   
4
11   
7
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439921   
99+
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
23
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
26
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C   
99+
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Copper   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa   
99+
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87   
13
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29   
4
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41   
2
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
8
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67   
99+
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82   
34
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82   
34
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
82   
34
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm   
19
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu   
30
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm   
16
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3   
33
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3   
15
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa   
20
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)   
7
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa   
99+
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa   
24
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa   
99+
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.44   
3
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35   
25
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K   
38
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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