Symbol
Pb
Mo
Group Number
146
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
65
2
7
👆🏻
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74399217439987
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00229.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
- Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
- Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
-
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
In 1778
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
- Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
- Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.0.70 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
327.50 °C2,617.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C4,612.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.505.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa1,370.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
38.00 MPa1,400.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s5,400.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.022.00
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
5.00 %58.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Pb
Mo
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3525
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.872.16
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.291.15
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.551.30
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.412.16
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.852.16
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.671.84
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol684.30 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol1,560.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol2,618.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol4,480.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol5,257.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol6,640.80 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
7,156.00 kJ/mol12,125.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol13,860.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol15,835.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol17,980.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol20,190.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol22,219.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol26,930.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol29,196.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol52,490.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol55,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol61,400.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol67,700.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol74,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol80,400.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol87,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol93,400.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol98,420.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol104,400.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol121,900.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol127,700.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol133,800.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol139,800.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol148,100.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol154,500.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr0.89 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV4.60 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
8242
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
8242
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
12554
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
8242
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm139.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm154.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu95.95 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol9.40 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)88.60 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm314.70 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.511.03
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm310.28 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm39.33 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa324.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa126.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa230.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa329.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.440.31
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Weldable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
11.3510.22
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m53.40 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.19 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol71.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.25 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K24.06 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K138.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
600.61 K2,896.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)4.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol594.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol27.61 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol653.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K28.70 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻