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Lead Nickel Comparison

Lead
Nickel
Nickel Lead comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb   
Ni   
Group Number
14   
4
10   
8
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439921   
99+
7440020   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt   
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
In 1751   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
6 * 10-3 %   
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.008 %   
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
23
1.30 %   
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
26
0.01 %   
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
17
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C   
99+
1,453.00 °C   
31
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C   
99+
2,732.00 °C   
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa   
99+
667.00 MPa   
18
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
638.00 MPa   
16
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
4,900.00 m/s   
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
72.00 %   
9
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb   
Ni   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87   
13
1.91   
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29   
4
1.94   
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41   
2
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
8
1.88   
6
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67   
99+
2.09   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
737.10 kJ/mol   
25
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5,300.00 kJ/mol   
15
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
7,339.00 kJ/mol   
15
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,670.00 kJ/mol   
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
30,970.00 kJ/mol   
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,100.00 kJ/mol   
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,500.00 kJ/mol   
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
48,100.00 kJ/mol   
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,101.00 kJ/mol   
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
58,570.00 kJ/mol   
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
159,000.00 kJ/mol   
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
169,400.00 kJ/mol   
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
182,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
194,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
5.15 eV   
2
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82   
34
28   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82   
34
28   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
31   
99+
Number of Electrons
82   
34
28   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm   
19
124.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
124.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu   
30
58.69 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
42.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm   
16
352.40 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3   
33
8.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3   
15
7.81 g/cm3   
29
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa   
20
345.00 MPa   
11
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)   
7
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
19.50 (Pa)   
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa   
99+
76.00 GPa   
12
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa   
24
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa   
99+
200.00 GPa   
11
Poisson Ratio
0.44   
3
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35   
25
8.90   
33
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
2
Susceptibility
Not Available   
600.00   
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
69.30 nΩ·m   
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
112.00 kJ/mol   
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
26.07 J/mol·K   
31
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K   
38
90.90 W/m·K   
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
371.80 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
422.60 kJ/mol   
17
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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